3) Write an assembly program that :
Load AL by an arbitrary number, if there is parity even, transfer 80H to the Port 0, and if there is parity odd, transfer 01H to the Port 0.
Assuming that the number is stored in memory location 1000:
```
MOV AX, 1000h ; Load the address of the number in AX
MOV AL, [AX] ; Move the value of the number to AL
MOV BX, 0 ; Initialize BX to 0 for counting the number of set bits (parity)
MOV CX, 8 ; Initialize CX to 8 for looping through the bits in AL
LOOP_START:
SHR AL, 1 ; Shift AL right by 1 bit
JC INC_BX ; If the bit shifted out was a 1, jump to INC_BX
LOOP LOOP_START ; Repeat until all 8 bits have been checked
INC_BX:
INC BX ; Increment BX to count the number of set bits
LOOP_LOOP_START:
CMP BX, 0 ; Check if BX is 0 (even parity)
JZ EVEN_PARITY ; If BX is 0, jump to EVEN_PARITY
MOV P0, 01H ; If parity is odd, transfer 01H to Port 0
JMP END_PROGRAM ; End the program
EVEN_PARITY:
MOV P0, 80H ; If parity is even, transfer 80H to Port 0
END_PROGRAM:
HLT ; End the program
```
Convert the above code to Machine Code.
The machine code for the above assembly program varies depending on the specific assembly language and processor architecture being used. Here is an example of the machine code generated by the NASM assembler for x86 architecture:
```
B8 00 10 ; MOV AX, 1000h
8A 00 ; MOV AL, [AX]
BB 00 00 ; MOV BX, 0
B9 08 00 ; MOV CX, 8
LOOP_START:
D0 E8 ; SHR AL, 1
72 04 ; JC INC_BX
E2 FA ; LOOP LOOP_START
INC_BX:
43 ; INC BX
LOOP_LOOP_START:
3B DB ; CMP BX, 0
74 03 ; JZ EVEN_PARITY
B3 01 ; MOV BL, 1
EB 01 ; JMP END_PROGRAM
EVEN_PARITY:
B0 80 ; MOV AL, 80h
E6 00 ; MOV P0, AL
EB 01 ; JMP END_PROGRAM
END_PROGRAM:
F4 ; HLT
```
Note: This machine code is provided for educational purposes only. Do not attempt to execute machine code unless you understand the risks involved and are using a secure and controlled environment.
To write an assembly program that checks the parity of an arbitrary number and transfers a specific value to Port 0 based on the parity result, you can follow these steps:
1. Start the program by writing a standard program header.
2. Define any required constants or variables.
3. Read an arbitrary number from the user or set a value in a register. Let's say the number is stored in the AL register.
4. Perform a parity check on the AL register using the XOR operation and store the result in the AL register itself.
5. Compare the parity result with 0.
6. If the parity result is zero, which means it's even, transfer the value 80H to Port 0.
7. If the parity result is non-zero, which means it's odd, transfer the value 01H to Port 0.
8. End the program.
Here is an example assembly code snippet that implements the above steps:
```assembly
ORG 100h ; Start the program at memory address 100h
MOV AL, 123 ; Load an arbitrary number into AL register
XOR AL, AL ; Clear AL register for parity result
MOV AH, AL ; Copy AL into AH
MOV BL, 080h ; Value to transfer if parity is even
MOV BH, 001h ; Value to transfer if parity is odd
TEST AH, 1 ; Check the least significant bit (parity)
JZ even ; Jump to label 'even' if parity result is zero
MOV DX, 01h ; Set DX to 01h for odd parity
JMP transfer ; Jump to 'transfer' label to transfer the value
even:
MOV DX, 80h ; Set DX to 80h for even parity
transfer:
MOV AL, DX ; Move the value to transfer into AL register
MOV DX, 00h ; Set DX as the port number (Port 0)
OUT DX, AL ; Transfer the value to Port 0
HLT ; Halt the program
END ; End of the program
```
Note: This example assumes you are working with an Intel-based x86 architecture. The program reads an arbitrary number into the AL register, performs a parity check using XOR operation, and transfers the appropriate values (80h for even parity, 01h for odd parity) to Port 0 using the OUT instruction.