Which organells work together in the synthesis and transport of protiens?
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus work together in the synthesis and transport of proteins. The rough ER is responsible for the synthesis of proteins, while the smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis. The proteins synthesized by the rough ER are then transported to the Golgi apparatus in vesicles, where they are modified and sorted for transport to their final destination within or outside the cell.
The organelles that work together in the synthesis and transport of proteins are the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), ribosomes, and the Golgi apparatus.
1. Ribosomes: Protein synthesis begins on ribosomes, which can be found either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Ribosomes read the instructions from messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules and link amino acids together to form proteins.
2. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): The rough ER is studded with ribosomes and is responsible for the synthesis of proteins. As proteins are synthesized on ribosomes, they enter the ER lumen (interior) and are processed and folded properly. The smooth ER is also involved in protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and detoxification processes.
3. Golgi Apparatus: After proteins are synthesized and folded in the ER, they are transported through the ER network to the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, tags, and packages the proteins into vesicles for transport to their specific destinations within the cell or for secretion outside the cell. It adds carbohydrate chains (glycosylation) to proteins to form glycoproteins.
In summary, the proteins synthesized on ribosomes are first processed and folded in the ER, then transported to the Golgi apparatus for further modification and packaging before they are transported to their final destination within the cell or outside of the cell.