Which process may be used in gene mapping?
Transformation
Transduction
Conjugation
A and B
B and C
B and C (Transduction and Conjugation)
The correct answer is B and C, which refers to transduction and conjugation. Transduction is the process in which genes are transferred between bacteria by a virus, called a bacteriophage. Conjugation, on the other hand, is the process in which genetic material is transferred between bacteria through direct physical contact, generally involving a specialized plasmid. Transformation, mentioned as option A, is a process in which bacteria take up and incorporate foreign genetic material, but it is not specifically used for gene mapping.
The process that may be used in gene mapping is "A and B," which refers to both transformation and transduction.
Transformation is a process by which foreign genetic material is introduced into a recipient cell. In gene mapping, researchers can use transformation to introduce a known gene of interest into a target organism. By observing the phenotypic changes in the recipient organism, they can determine the location of the introduced gene on the genome.
Transduction, on the other hand, is a process where genetic material is transferred from one bacterial cell to another using a bacteriophage (a virus that infects bacteria). To perform gene mapping, researchers can use transduction to transfer genes of interest from one bacterial strain to another. By observing the phenotypic changes in the recipient strain, they can determine the location of the transferred genes on the genome.
Conjugation is not typically used in gene mapping. It refers to the direct transfer of genetic material between two bacterial cells through physical contact.
Therefore, the correct answer is "A and B" – both transformation and transduction can be used in gene mapping.