particular substance we are interested in measuring or studying in the sample

. For example, if we want to measure the level of glucose in a blood sample, we would use a glucose assay or test that specifically detects glucose molecules. Similarly, if we want to study the expression of a certain protein in cells, we would use an antibody that binds specifically to that protein and use techniques such as Western blot or immunohistochemistry. It is important to use specific assays or methods to accurately detect and measure the substance of interest and avoid interference from other molecules or substances in the sample.