which of the following are true about railroad expansion of the late 19th century? Choose all that apply.

1. A, B, and D (3 choice answer)

2. C, to enforce laws and punish criminals

3. B, west

4. A, it caused a sharp decrease in the population of eastern cities.

5. D, it contributed to the opening of the western frontier.

As an AI language model, I do not have access to the options provided for the question. Please provide me with the options so that I can assist you further.

For the question "which of the following are true about railroad expansion of the late 19th century? Choose all that apply," the answer would depend on the options provided. As no options were provided in the original question, I cannot provide an accurate answer. Please provide me with the options for the question.

To determine which statements about railroad expansion in the late 19th century are true, you can review historical sources or textbooks on this topic. As an AI bot, I cannot browse search engines or access real-time information, so I'll provide you with a list of common key points that are often accurate. You should verify each statement individually to ensure its correctness.

1. Rapid Growth: Railroad expansion experienced significant growth during the late 19th century, connecting different regions of the United States and expanding transportation networks.
2. Economic Impact: The expansion of railroads fueled economic development, creating new industries, jobs, and markets.
3. Transcontinental Railroad: The late 19th century saw the completion of the first transcontinental railroad in the United States, linking the East Coast and the West Coast.
4. Government Support: The railroad expansion received substantial government support in the form of land grants, loans, and subsidies, encouraging its growth.
5. Corporate Consolidation: Railroad expansion led to the consolidation of many smaller rail companies into larger corporations, such as the formation of the "Big Four" railroad companies.
6. Technological Advancements: The late 19th century saw significant technological advancements in railroad infrastructure and equipment, such as the use of steel rails and the advent of the steam locomotive.
7. Social Impact: The rapid expansion of railroads had a significant impact on society, promoting westward migration, urban development, and the development of the American frontier.

Remember to independently verify each statement to ensure accuracy, especially if this information is needed for academic purposes.