what is active & passive verb

Active and passive verbs refer to the structure of a sentence and how the subject (the person or thing doing the action) is related to the verb (the action being performed).

An active verb is when the subject of the sentence is performing the action, while a passive verb is when the subject is receiving the action.

For example:

Active sentence: John ate the pizza. (John is the subject performing the action of eating)

Passive sentence: The pizza was eaten by John. (The pizza is the subject receiving the action of being eaten)

In general, the active voice is typically more direct and easier to understand, while the passive voice is used to emphasize the object or to make the sentence more tactful or polite.