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which two groups were the primary settlers of the southwest

The two primary settlers of the Southwest were the Spanish and the Native Americans.

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The southwest region of the United States was primarily settled by two distinct cultural groups: the Native American tribes and the Spanish colonizers. Native American tribes, including the Navajo, Apache, Hopi, and Pueblo peoples, have a rich history in the southwest, dating back thousands of years. They cultivated crops, created intricate pottery, and built impressive cliff dwellings like those found at Mesa Verde. In the 16th century, Spanish explorers and missionaries, such as Francisco Vázquez de Coronado and Juan de Oñate, began to settle in the southwest, establishing missions and introducing European traditions and architecture. This fusion of Native American and Spanish cultures continues to shape the unique heritage of the southwest region today.