Discuss the internal and external challenges of emperor Tewodos second and Emperor Yohannes 3rd respectivily.
To discuss the internal and external challenges faced by Emperor Tewodros II and Emperor Yohannes III, we need to examine their specific contexts and historical events. Let's start with Emperor Tewodros II.
Emperor Tewodros II:
1. Internal Challenges:
a. Lack of Support: Tewodros faced opposition from the Ethiopian nobility and regional rulers who resented his centralized power and attempts to modernize the country.
b. Economic Difficulties: Tewodros struggled with economic hardships due to a depleted treasury and significant debts incurred during his efforts to modernize Ethiopia.
c. Political Instability: Tewodros faced internal conflicts and rebellions by regional rulers, which threatened his authority and stability.
2. External Challenges:
a. British Expedition: Tewodros' detention of British citizens led to a military intervention known as the British Expedition to Abyssinia. This external invasion weakened his position domestically and eventually led to his downfall and death.
Now let's move on to Emperor Yohannes III:
Emperor Yohannes III:
1. Internal Challenges:
a. Succession Struggles: Yohannes faced challenges from rival claimants to the throne, which created internal divisions and instability.
b. Ethnic and Religious Conflicts: Ethiopia's diverse population led to tensions between different ethnic and religious groups, posing challenges to Yohannes' rule and creating internal instability.
c. Regional Resistance: Yohannes faced rebellions and resistance from regional rulers and leaders who sought greater autonomy.
2. External Challenges:
a. Egyptian Encroachment: Egypt, under the rule of Ismail Pasha, posed a threat to Ethiopian territories and attempted to exert control over the region. This external pressure added to Yohannes' challenges and required a strategic response.
b. Mahdist Threat: Yohannes faced the threat of the Mahdi-led Sudanese forces known as the Mahdist's, who sought to expand their influence and control in the region. This external threat posed a significant challenge to Yohannes' rule and required military actions.
Understanding the internal and external challenges faced by Emperor Tewodros II and Emperor Yohannes III helps us appreciate the complexities they had to navigate during their reigns. It is important to study historical sources and perspectives to gain a more comprehensive understanding of these challenges and the context in which they emerged.