Explain the foreign policy of Ethiopia during tewodros II 1855_1868
During the reign of Emperor Tewodros II of Ethiopia from 1855 to 1868, the country's foreign policy underwent significant changes. Here is a step-by-step explanation of Ethiopia's foreign policy during that period:
1. Early Isolation: When Tewodros II ascended to the throne, Ethiopia was largely isolated from the international community. The country had weak relations with foreign powers and limited engagement in global affairs. Tewodros aimed to change this and modernize Ethiopia.
2. Seeking Foreign Support: Tewodros realized the need for foreign assistance to strengthen his rule and modernize Ethiopia. He sought support and alliances with various European powers, most notably Britain and France.
3. Correspondence with Queen Victoria: Tewodros initiated correspondence with Queen Victoria of Britain, requesting diplomatic ties, military instructors, and supplies. However, his letters were initially ignored, which frustrated him.
4. Mission to Britain: In 1862, Tewodros sent an official mission to Britain, led by his envoy, Kassa (later Emperor Yohannes IV). The mission aimed to negotiate an alliance with Britain, acquire modern arms, and secure recognition for Ethiopia. However, the British government did not take Tewodros' request seriously.
5. Hostage Crisis: Frustrated with the lack of response from Britain, Tewodros took drastic steps to gain attention. In 1866, he imprisoned several British subjects, including the British consul, Captain Charles Cameron, demanding that Britain send an official representative to negotiate.
6. British Expedition: In response to the hostage crisis, the British government organized a military expedition in 1868. The expedition aimed to secure the release of the hostages and assert British dominance in the region. The British forces, led by General Sir Robert Napier, were able to defeat Tewodros' army at the Battle of Maqdala.
7. Legacy and Impact: Tewodros' failed attempts to establish diplomatic ties and secure foreign support ultimately led to his downfall. His confrontational foreign policy with Britain resulted in the invasion of Ethiopia and his suicide rather than surrendering to the British forces.
In summary, Tewodros II's foreign policy attempted to break Ethiopia's isolation, gain recognition, and modernize the country through alliances and assistance from European powers, specifically Britain. However, his efforts were largely unsuccessful, leading to a military confrontation and his eventual downfall.
During the reign of Emperor Tewodros II of Ethiopia, from 1855 to 1868, the country's foreign policy was characterized by an attempt to assert Ethiopian independence and increase its international standing. To understand the foreign policy during this time, there are several sources to consult:
1. Research Historical Documents: Start by examining historical documents, such as diplomatic exchanges, treaties, and official correspondences from the period. These documents can provide insight into the specific foreign policy actions taken by Ethiopia during Emperor Tewodros II's reign.
2. Study Historical Accounts: Books, articles, and academic papers written by historians who have studied this particular era can provide a more comprehensive understanding of Ethiopia's foreign policy during Tewodros II's reign. These secondary sources can offer insights and analyses based on extensive research and multiple perspectives.
3. Analyze Key Events: Identify major events or incidents that occurred during Tewodros II's reign, which might have influenced Ethiopia's foreign policy. For example, Tewodros II's efforts to modernize Ethiopia, conflicts with neighboring regional powers, or interactions with European powers could have shaped Ethiopia's approach to foreign relations.
4. Consider Regional and Global Context: Understand the regional and global dynamics of the time period. This includes examining Ethiopia's relationships with neighboring countries and European powers, as well as the impact of colonialism and the Scramble for Africa. These factors can shed light on the motivations and challenges faced by Ethiopia in its foreign policy endeavors.
5. Consult Academic Experts: Engage with academic experts or specialists in Ethiopian history or African geopolitics who have studied the specific time period. Their expertise and insights can help provide a nuanced understanding of Ethiopia's foreign policy during Tewodros II's reign.
By following these steps and consulting multiple sources, you can gain a comprehensive understanding of Ethiopia's foreign policy during the reign of Emperor Tewodros II from 1855 to 1868.