Which of the following are examples of substrates?
To determine examples of substrates, we need to first understand the concept of substrates. In the field of biology, a substrate refers to the substance or molecule upon which an enzyme acts. The enzyme's function is to catalyze a specific chemical reaction, and the substrate is the molecule that undergoes the reaction.
Some common examples of substrates include:
1. Glucose: The enzyme amylase breaks down glucose into smaller molecules during the digestion process.
2. DNA: Enzymes called polymerases use DNA as a substrate to replicate genetic material during cell division.
3. Lactose: The enzyme lactase breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose, allowing lactose to be digested by individuals who are lactose intolerant.
4. Proteins: Different enzymes act as substrates for each stage of protein synthesis, including transcription and translation.
5. Starch: The enzyme amylase catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch, breaking it down into smaller sugar molecules.
To identify substrates, it is essential to consider the specific enzyme and reaction being discussed. The substrate is the molecule that is being transformed or modified by the enzyme's action.