Which statement explains how the charges on objects determine the electric force between them?
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Which statement explains how the charges on objects determine the electric force between them?
A. Objects with positive charges attract each other, and objects with negative charges repel each other.
B. Objects with the same charge attract each other, and objects with opposite charges repel each other.
C. Objects with positive charges repel each other, and objects with negative charges attract each other.
D. Objects with the same charge repel each other, and objects with opposite charges attract each other.
The statement that explains how the charges on objects determine the electric force between them is D. Objects with the same charge repel each other, and objects with opposite charges attract each other.
The statement that explains how the charges on objects determine the electric force between them is known as Coulomb's Law. According to Coulomb's Law, the electric force between two charged objects is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
To calculate the electric force between two charged objects using Coulomb's Law, you can follow these steps:
1. Determine the magnitude of the charges on the two objects. Let's call them q1 and q2, with q1 being the charge on the first object and q2 being the charge on the second object. The charges can be positive or negative.
2. Measure the distance between the centers of the two objects. Let's call this distance d. It is important to measure the distance in meters for consistent units.
3. Calculate the electric force using Coulomb's Law formula:
F = k * (|q1| * |q2|) / d^2
In this formula, F represents the electric force between the two objects, k is the electrostatic constant, |q1| and |q2| are the magnitudes of the charges (ignoring the positive/negative signs), and d^2 is the square of the distance between the centers of the objects.
The electrostatic constant, k, is equal to 8.99 x 10^9 N m^2/C^2. It is a constant that maintains the proportionality in Coulomb's Law.
4. Plug in the values of |q1|, |q2|, and d into the formula and calculate the electric force. The resulting force will be in Newtons (N).
Remember that the forces will differ in direction if the charges on the objects have opposite signs (attraction) or the same signs (repulsion).