1. Which of the following statements concerning dipole-dipole attractions is correct?
a) Dipole-dipole attraction is a weaker force than covalent bonds, being about 50% as strong.
b) Dipole-dipole attractions increase as the distance between the dipoles increase.
c) Dipole-dipole attractions are weak due in part to the fact that the charges associated with dipoles are only partial, rather than full charges.
d) All the above statements are correct.
e) None of the above statements are correct.
I think that statements A and C are correct but I am not sure about B.
I agree c. I don't know about. If you look at the site I gave you about strengths of IM forces, the covalent bond is about 400 kcal while the dipole-dipole is about 12-16 and that isn't close to 50%. It is true that they are weaker but they are weaker by a margin greater than 50%.
So choice b is not correct either?
No, greater distance is weaker bond.
To determine which statements are correct concerning dipole-dipole attractions, let's analyze each option:
a) The statement suggests that dipole-dipole attraction is a weaker force than covalent bonds, being about 50% as strong. However, this statement is not accurate. Dipole-dipole attractions are intermolecular forces that occur between polar molecules and are generally weaker than covalent bonds.
b) The statement suggests that dipole-dipole attractions increase as the distance between the dipoles increases. This statement is incorrect. Dipole-dipole attractions become stronger as the distance between the dipoles decreases. The closer the dipoles are, the stronger the attraction.
c) The statement suggests that dipole-dipole attractions are weak due in part to the fact that the charges associated with dipoles are only partial, rather than full charges. This statement is correct. Dipole-dipole attractions occur between molecules with permanent dipoles, where one end of the molecule has a partial positive charge, and the other end has a partial negative charge. These attractions are weaker because they involve partial charges rather than full charges.
Based on this analysis, options a and c are correct, while option b is incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is e) None of the above statements are correct.