Carcinogenesis is the process by which normal cells are transformed into cancerous cells. This process involves multiple stages, including initiation, promotion, and progression. Initiation occurs when a normal cell acquires a mutation in its DNA, leading to the formation of a cancerous cell. Promotion involves the growth and proliferation of these mutated cells, while progression results in the development of invasive cancer. Carcinogenesis can be triggered by various factors, including genetic mutations, exposure to carcinogens, inflammation, and viral infections. Understanding the mechanisms of carcinogenesis is crucial for developing effective strategies for cancer prevention and treatment.
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