Question

Unit 6 - Protein Synthesis, Genetic and Heredity

Unit 7 - Evolution
Unit 8 - Body Systems and Plant Structures
Unit 9 - Ecology

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Answer 1

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Unit 6 - Protein Synthesis, Genetic and Heredity

Protein Synthesis:
- Protein synthesis is the process by which cells build proteins using DNA and RNA.
- There are two main stages of protein synthesis: transcription and translation.
- Transcription occurs in the nucleus and involves the synthesis of mRNA using DNA as a template.
- Translation occurs in the ribosomes and involves the synthesis of proteins using mRNA and tRNA.

Genetic and Heredity:
- Genetics is the study of heredity, which is the passing of traits from parents to offspring.
- Genes are segments of DNA that code for specific traits.
- Alleles are different forms of a gene that can result in different traits.
- Punnett squares are used to predict the possible offspring genotypes and phenotypes based on parental genotypes.

Unit 7 - Evolution

Evolution:
- Evolution is the change in inherited traits of a population over generations.
- The theory of evolution was proposed by Charles Darwin and is supported by evidence from fossils, comparative anatomy, and genetics.
- Natural selection is the process by which individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to the evolution of a population.
- Adaptation is a trait that increases an organism's chances of survival and reproduction in a particular environment.

Unit 8 - Body Systems and Plant Structures

Body Systems:
- The human body is made up of several organ systems, including the respiratory, circulatory, digestive, and nervous systems.
- Each system has specific functions and organs that work together to maintain homeostasis, or internal balance.
- The circulatory system transports nutrients, oxygen, and waste products throughout the body.
- The respiratory system allows for the exchange of gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, between the body and the environment.

Plant Structures:
- Plants have specialized structures that help them survive and reproduce in various environments.
- Roots absorb water and nutrients from the soil and anchor the plant in place.
- Stems support the plant and transport water and nutrients between the roots and leaves.
- Leaves are the primary site of photosynthesis, where plants produce food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.

Unit 9 - Ecology

Ecology:
- Ecology is the study of how living organisms interact with each other and their environment.
- Ecosystems are communities of organisms and their physical environment.
- Biotic factors are living components of an ecosystem, such as plants and animals.
- Abiotic factors are nonliving components, such as temperature, sunlight, and soil composition.
- Energy flows through ecosystems in a one-way path, starting with producers (plants) and moving through consumers (animals) and decomposers.