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To determine the mechanical advantage of the wedge, we first need to identify the input force and the output force.
In this case, the input force would be the force applied to the mallet to push the wedge into the wood, and the output force would be the force required to split the wood.
Since the wedge is a simple machine that allows the wood to be split with less force than if it were split by hand, the output force is greater than the input force. This means the mechanical advantage would be greater than 1.
Therefore, the correct answer is:
4.5