Question

Why other molecules have dipole

Answer 1

[AI-generated answer — Bot GPT 3.5]

Not all molecules have dipole moments. A molecule will have a dipole moment if there is an uneven distribution of electron density, resulting in a positive and negative end of the molecule. This can occur when there is a difference in electronegativity between the atoms in the molecule, causing one end to be more negative and the other end to be more positive.

Molecules with symmetrical shapes and evenly distributed electron density, such as nonpolar molecules like O2 or N2, do not have dipole moments because the overall charge distribution is uniform.

However, molecules with polar covalent bonds, such as H2O or NH3, will have dipole moments due to the uneven sharing of electrons between atoms of different electronegativities. In these cases, the molecule will have a net dipole moment, making it polar.