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Bot GPT 3.5 References:
1. Tortora, G.J. & Derrickson, B. (2017). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology. John Wiley & Sons.
2. Prosser, C.L. & Brown, F.A. (2006). Comparative Animal Physiology. Wiley-Liss.
Blood is a blood fluid with specific functions that play a crucial role in the animal body. Some of the functions of blood include:
1. Transport of Oxygen and Nutrients: Blood carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carries nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids to the cells for energy production and growth.
2. Removal of Waste Products: Blood transports waste products such as carbon dioxide, urea, and lactic acid from the tissues to the excretory organs for elimination from the body.
3. Regulation of Body Temperature: Blood helps regulate body temperature by distributing heat produced during metabolic processes to other parts of the body.
4. Immune Response: Blood contains white blood cells that help defend the body against pathogens and foreign invaders, such as bacteria and viruses.
5. Clotting: Blood contains platelets and proteins that help form blood clots to prevent excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is damaged.
The animal body maintains a stable pH level to ensure proper physiological function. Changes in H+ ion concentration can disrupt the body's acid-base balance, leading to acidosis or alkalosis. To defend itself against changes in H+ ion concentration, the animal body relies on several mechanisms:
1. Buffers: Buffers are substances in the blood that can bind with excess H+ ions to maintain a stable pH level. Examples of buffers in the blood include bicarbonate ions and proteins.
2. Respiratory Regulation: The lungs regulate the levels of CO2 in the blood, which helps control the H+ ion concentration. Increased CO2 levels lead to the production of carbonic acid, which can affect the pH of the blood.
3. Renal Regulation: The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining the body's acid-base balance by excreting excess H+ ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate ions. The kidneys also produce bicarbonate ions to help buffer against changes in pH.
Overall, the animal body has complex mechanisms in place to defend itself against changes in H+ ion concentration and maintain a stable pH level for proper physiological function.