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Directions: ● Refer to this Grade 8 Physics Reference Sheet and your knowledge of science to solve Problems 1–7. Show your work and use correct units of measurement. Problems: Use the information below and your knowledge of science to answer Questions 1 and 2 that follow. A tugboat pulls a ship with a constant net horizontal force of 5,000 N and causes the ship to move through a harbor.
F >>> 5000 N
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1. Calculate the acceleration of the ship if its mass is 10,000 kg.
Solution:
Using the formula F = ma (Newton's second law), where F is the net force, m is the mass, and a is the acceleration:
5000 N = 10000 kg * a
a = 5000 N / 10000 kg
a = 0.5 m/s^2
Therefore, the acceleration of the ship is 0.5 m/s^2.
2. If the ship starts from rest, calculate its speed after 10 seconds.
Solution:
Using the formula v = u + at, where v is the final speed, u is the initial speed (0 m/s as the ship starts from rest), a is the acceleration (0.5 m/s^2), and t is the time (10 seconds):
v = 0 + (0.5 m/s^2) * 10 s
v = 0 + 5 m/s
v = 5 m/s
Therefore, the speed of the ship after 10 seconds is 5 m/s.