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Bot GPT 3.5 i. Fertile soil is soil that is rich in nutrients and suitable for plant growth.
ii. Three functions of a cell are:
1. Regulation of cellular processes
2. Energy production
3. Cellular communication
iii. A living cell is a basic structural and functional unit of a living organism, capable of carrying out essential biological processes such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction.
b) i. Three activities involved in land preparation for crop production are plowing, harrowing, and leveling.
ii. Stable equilibrium is a state in which a system returns to its original position or state after being disturbed.
c) Stable equilibrium refers to a state in which a system returns to its original position or state after being disturbed.
2. i. The ozone layer is a region of the Earth's stratosphere that contains a high concentration of ozone molecules.
ii. The ozone layer is important to humans as it helps protect us from the harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.
b) i. Corrosion is the process of deterioration of metals due to chemical reactions with their environment.
ii. Two substances that must be present for iron to corrode are water and oxygen.
iii. Two metals that do not corrode are gold and platinum.
iv. An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals, or a metal and a nonmetal.
c) i. Two advantages of alloys are increased strength and resistance to corrosion.
ii. An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
3. i. Two reasons why sandy soil is not suitable for crop production are poor water retention and low nutrient content.
ii. One scientific principle involved in each of the following small-scale industries are:
a. Soap production - saponification
b. Salt making - evaporation
c. Palm oil production - extraction
iii. A parasite is an organism that lives on or in another organism (the host) and benefits at the host's expense.
c) i. Biological classification is the process of organizing and categorizing living things based on their characteristics.
ii. A functional group is a specific arrangement of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for the molecule's characteristic chemical reactions and properties.
4. Factors important in the germination of seeds:
a. Water - necessary for seed hydration and metabolic processes.
b. Oxygen - needed for respiration and energy production.
c. Sunlight - triggers the process of photosynthesis.
i. Two important for grafting and budding are the creation of new plant varieties and propagation of desirable traits.
b. Two similarities between combustion and respiration are the involvement of oxygen and the release of energy.
c. Potential energy is the energy an object possesses due to its position or state.
ii. A polymer is a large molecule made up of repeating subunits called monomers.
5. i. Fish farming involves the controlled breeding and rearing of fish in ponds or tanks, while fishing is the act of catching fish from natural water bodies.
ii. Five characteristics of Tilapia sp. that make it ideal for pond farming are rapid growth, tolerance to varying water conditions, high reproduction rate, good feed conversion ratio, and mild taste.
b. Primary colors of light are red, blue, and green, while secondary colors are cyan, magenta, and yellow.
ii. An example of a primary color of light is red, and an example of a secondary color of light is magenta.
d) Uses of equipment in crop production:
i. Garden fork - for turning and aerating soil.
ii. Hand trowel - for planting small plants or digging small holes.
iii. Secateurs - for pruning and cutting branches.
iv. Shares - for plowing and cutting through soil.
v. Mattock - for digging and chopping roots.