Question

Berlin Wall Speech (excerpt)

Ronald Reagan 1987

Where four decades ago there was rubble, today in West Berlin there is the greatest industrial output of any city in Germany: busy office blocks, fine homes and apartments, proud avenues, and the spreading lawns of parkland. Where a city’s culture seemed to have been destroyed, today there are two great universities, orchestras and an opera, countless theaters, and museums. Where there was want, today there’s abundance—food, clothing, automobiles—the wonderful goods of the Kudamm.¹ From devastation, from utter ruin, you Berliners have, in freedom, rebuilt a city that once again ranks as one of the greatest on earth. Now the Soviets may have had other plans. But my friends, there were a few things the Soviets didn’t count on: Berliner Herz, Berliner Humor, ja, und Berliner Schnauze. [Berliner heart, Berliner humor, yes, and a Berliner Schnauze.]

In the 1950s—In the 1950s Khrushchev predicted: “We will bury you.”

But in the West today, we see a free world that has achieved a level of prosperity and well-being unprecedented in all human history. In the Communist world, we see failure, technological backwardness, declining standards of health, even want of the most basic kind—too little food. Even today, the Soviet Union still cannot feed itself. After these four decades, then, there stands before the entire world one great and inescapable conclusion: Freedom leads to prosperity. Freedom replaces the ancient hatreds among the nations with comity and peace. Freedom is the victor.

And now—now the Soviets themselves may, in a limited way, be coming to understand the importance of freedom. We hear much from Moscow about a new policy of reform and openness. Some political prisoners have been released. Certain foreign news broadcasts are no longer being jammed. Some economic enterprises have been permitted to operate with greater freedom from state control.

Are these the beginnings of profound changes in the Soviet state? Or are they token gestures intended to raise false hopes in the West, or to strengthen the Soviet system without changing it? We welcome change and openness; for we believe that freedom and security go together, that the advance of human liberty—the advance of human liberty can only strengthen the cause of world peace.

There is one sign the Soviets can make that would be unmistakable, that would advance dramatically the cause of freedom and peace.

General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek liberalization: Come here to this gate.

Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate.

Mr. Gorbachev—Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!
Question

Which TWO options BEST explain why Reagan chose a pattern of using positive words and expressions regarding the West, followed by negative words and expressions regarding the Soviet Union in his speech?
Responses

A If Reagan had only praised the West, it might have been perceived as insincere propaganda.If Reagan had only praised the West, it might have been perceived as insincere propaganda.

B This is done solely to show the differences between democratic nations and communist nations.This is done solely to show the differences between democratic nations and communist nations.

C These patterns were used to motivate the audience to take stronger actions against the Soviet
Union.These patterns were used to motivate the audience to take stronger actions against the Soviet Union.

D The audience might have stopped listening if the speech was all negative talk about the Soviet Union.The audience might have stopped listening if the speech was all negative talk about the Soviet Union.

E In this way, he kept from offending the Soviet Union with a speech that was too critical of their government.

Answer 1

[AI-generated answer — Bot GPT 3.5]

A If Reagan had only praised the West, it might have been perceived as insincere propaganda.

D The audience might have stopped listening if the speech was all negative talk about the Soviet Union.