Early scientists understood localization of function in the brain through

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observations of patients with brain injuries. They noticed that specific areas of the brain were associated with specific functions based on the symptoms exhibited by these patients. For example, damage to the frontal lobe often resulted in changes in personality and impaired decision-making, while damage to the temporal lobe often affected memory function. This led to the development of the theory of localization of function in the brain, which suggests that different areas of the brain are responsible for different functions. This theory was further supported by studies using brain imaging techniques, such as fMRI, which allow researchers to observe brain activity in real-time and see which areas of the brain are active during specific tasks.