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Electromagnetic radiation is a form of energy that travels through space in a wave-like pattern, with electric and magnetic fields oscillating perpendicular to each other. This wave has a frequency (number of oscillations per second) and a wavelength (distance between two consecutive crests or troughs).
At the same time, electromagnetic radiation can also exhibit particle-like behavior. Photons are the discrete packets of energy that make up electromagnetic radiation, and they can interact with matter as individual particles. For example, when photons strike a material, they can be absorbed, reflected, or transmitted.
This wave-particle duality is a fundamental aspect of quantum physics and is essential for understanding the behavior of electromagnetic radiation. In summary, electromagnetic radiation can be modeled as both a wave and a particle, depending on the context and the phenomena being observed.