D. It indicates that the story is set in a time in which male protection was given great importance.
In this passage, the umbrella is used as a symbol of male protection and chivalry, as Mr. Brooke comes for his umbrella, implying that he is taking care of Meg by looking out for her belongings. This reflects the setting of the story, which is in a time where traditional gender roles and expectations were prominent, with men being seen as protectors and providers for women.