In their return to the past and allegorical critique of the present, Cetshwayo establishes the historical and socio-political parallels between the periods spanning 1818-1879 and 1910- 1936. The play reveals a complex and profound shift in Dhlomo's ideology and aesthetics a)from a Christian-liberal worldview to a militant liberal-democratic nationalism” (Peterson 1991, 31).

Use the above assertion as a point of departure to discuss how Dhlomo uses allegory and tragedy to reorder the past and use it to explain the predicaments of apartheid and post- apartheid dilemmas. Use examples from the text to support your response.
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In his play, Cetshwayo, Dhlomo employs allegory and tragedy to explore the historical and socio-political parallels between the periods spanning from 1818-1879 and 1910-1936 in order to critique the present-day predicaments of apartheid and post-apartheid South Africa. By examining the transformation of the character Dhlomo from a Christian-liberal worldview to a militant liberal-democratic nationalist, we can gain a deeper understanding of how the past is reinterpreted and reimagined to shed light on contemporary issues.

The journey of Dhlomo's ideology and aesthetics in the play is a central aspect of his character development and serves as a lens through which to analyze the broader themes of the text. At the beginning of the play, Dhlomo is portrayed as a Christian-liberal thinker, influenced by the Western values of the colonial era. However, as the narrative unfolds, we witness a gradual shift in his beliefs towards a more militant liberal-democratic nationalism. This transformation is significant as it reflects the changing political landscape in South Africa during the periods under examination.

Dhlomo's evolution can be seen as an allegory for the broader societal changes taking place in South Africa during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The transition from colonial rule to nationalist movements, and ultimately to the apartheid regime, is mirrored in Dhlomo's personal journey. By tracing his ideological shift, the play highlights the complexities and contradictions inherent in the struggle for independence and self-determination.

One of the key ways in which Dhlomo uses allegory and tragedy to reorder the past is through his portrayal of historical events and figures. For example, the character of Cetshwayo, the Zulu king who led the resistance against British colonial forces in the late 19th century, serves as a symbol of indigenous resistance and resilience. Through Cetshwayo's story, Dhlomo exposes the brutality of colonialism and the enduring legacy of oppression that continues to shape South Africa's present-day reality.

Furthermore, Dhlomo's use of tragedy as a narrative device allows him to explore the deep-rooted conflicts and dilemmas that persist in post-apartheid South Africa. The tragic nature of the play reflects the ongoing struggles for justice, reconciliation, and social change in a country grappling with its traumatic past. By drawing parallels between historical injustices and contemporary challenges, Dhlomo encourages his audience to reflect on the enduring legacy of apartheid and the urgent need for societal transformation.

Through his meticulous attention to detail and nuanced character development, Dhlomo creates a rich tapestry of themes and ideas that resonate with the complex realities of South Africa's past and present. By using allegory and tragedy as narrative tools, he invites his audience to consider the deeper implications of history and how it continues to shape our understanding of the world around us. In doing so, Dhlomo offers a powerful critique of the past while also providing a glimpse of hope for a more just and equitable future.

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