The ancient city depicted in the figure is Carthage.
One feature that plan (a) shares with urban planning in colonies established by France and Spain centuries later is a grid-like layout with straight streets intersecting at right angles, which provides an organized and efficient urban structure.
An example of a city whose urban structure changed dramatically due to a change in power or governance is Rome. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the city experienced a significant decline in population and infrastructure, resulting in the abandonment of many previously bustling areas. Centuries later, when Rome became the seat of the Catholic Church and a hub of Renaissance art and culture, the city underwent a revitalization with new buildings, spaces, and infrastructure that reinforced the cultural and political power of the Church and the new ruling elite.