1. Advanced weaponry: Western technology provided superior weapons such as firearms, cannons, and warships which gave European powers a significant military advantage over Asian and African peoples. This allowed them to easily conquer and subjugate indigenous populations.
2. Transportation and communication: Western technology such as steamships and telegraphs facilitated the movement of troops and supplies, enabling European powers to quickly mobilize and control vast territories in Asia and Africa. This also allowed for faster communication between colonial administrators and their home countries, further consolidating control.
3. Medical advancements: Western technology in medicine and sanitation helped European powers to control the spread of disease among their own troops and settlers, giving them a health advantage over indigenous populations. This allowed them to maintain control and stability in their colonies.
4. Industrial infrastructure: Western technology brought about the Industrial Revolution, which led to the development of factories, railways, and other infrastructure that facilitated resource extraction and economic exploitation in Asia and Africa. This economic domination further consolidated European control over these regions.