Certainly! Here is a breakdown of how each of the mentioned countries gained independence:
1. Ivory Coast: Ivory Coast gained independence from France on August 7, 1960, through peaceful negotiations and diplomatic processes. The country's first president, Félix Houphouët-Boigny, played a significant role in securing independence through dialogue with French authorities.
2. Mauritania: Mauritania gained independence from France on November 28, 1960, through peaceful negotiations and agreements. The path to independence was relatively smooth, with political leaders engaging in discussions with French colonial authorities to achieve self-governance.
3. Niger: Niger gained independence from France on August 3, 1960, through peaceful negotiations and diplomatic processes. The country's leaders worked closely with French officials to establish a transition to independence and self-rule without resorting to armed conflict.
4. Senegal: Senegal gained independence from France on April 4, 1960, through peaceful negotiations and diplomatic efforts. Leaders such as LĂ©opold SĂ©dar Senghor and Mamadou Dia played key roles in negotiating with French authorities to achieve a peaceful transfer of power and sovereignty to the Senegalese people.