Five amendments to the US Constitution directly affect voting qualifications

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1. 15th Amendment - Prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

2. 19th Amendment - Prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on sex.
3. 24th Amendment - Prohibits the imposition of poll taxes as a qualification for voting in federal elections.
4. 26th Amendment - Lowers the voting age to 18, prohibiting the denial of the right to vote based on age for individuals over 18.
5. 14th Amendment - Includes the Equal Protection Clause which has been used to challenge discriminatory voting laws and practices.