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The distance from point P to line L in a straight line can be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem.
Let us consider a right triangle where one side is the distance from point P to line L (let's call this side x), the other side is 8 cm (height of line L from point M), and the hypotenuse is 30 cm (height of point Q from point M).
Using the Pythagorean theorem, we can write:
x^2 + 8^2 = 30^2
x^2 + 64 = 900
x^2 = 836
x = √836
x ≈ 28.92 cm
Therefore, the distance from point P to line L in a straight line is approximately 28.92 cm.