European powers formed alliances in the early 20th century to balance power and increase stability. This was in response to growing tensions and rivalries, with countries seeking protection from potential threats.

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The two main alliances that formed during this time were the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance. The Triple Entente consisted of France, Russia, and Great Britain, while the Triple Alliance included Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.

These alliances were meant to deter aggression and prevent conflicts from escalating into full-scale wars. However, they ultimately failed to prevent the outbreak of World War I in 1914, as a series of diplomatic miscalculations and complex alliances drew multiple countries into the conflict.

Despite this failure, the idea of forming alliances for mutual protection and stability persisted in the following years, leading to the creation of new alliances and organizations such as the League of Nations after World War I, and later the United Nations after World War II.

Overall, the formation of alliances in the early 20th century reflected the complex web of alliances, rivalries, and power dynamics that characterized the era, as countries sought to navigate a changing geopolitical landscape and ensure their own security and interests.