Islam spread throughout much of southwest Asia between 650 and 660 primarily due to military conquests led by the Muslim caliphs and limited resistance from Byzantine and Persian forces. Additionally, the appeal of Islam as a monotheistic religion, the promise of social equality, and the extensive trade networks in the region all contributed to the rapid spread of the faith. The Islamic empire offered opportunities for economic growth, cultural exchange, and political stability, which also attracted many people to convert to Islam.
