To find the greatest common factor of 18a⁴b³ and 21a⁸b³, we need to identify the highest power of each variable that appears in both terms.
The factors of 18 are 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 18.
The factors of 21 are 1, 3, 7, and 21.
The common factors of 18 and 21 are 1 and 3.
The highest power of 'a' that appears in both terms is a⁴.
The highest power of 'b' that appears in both terms is b³.
Therefore, the greatest common factor of 18a⁴b³ and 21a⁸b³ is 3a⁴b³.