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What were the three remaining Early Modern empires that were defeated and dismantled during World War I, leading to a reshuffling of global geopolitics? (Hints: One of them was destroyed by a revolution even more radical than those of the 18th and 19th centuries).
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The three remaining Early Modern empires that were defeated and dismantled during World War I were the Ottoman Empire, the Russian Empire, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
The Ottoman Empire, which had ruled over a vast territory including present-day Turkey, parts of the Middle East, and southeastern Europe, was defeated and dismantled as a result of the war. The empire had been in decline for several centuries, but the war accelerated its collapse. The victorious Allies partitioned the former Ottoman territories and created new nation-states, such as Turkey, Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon.
The Russian Empire, ruled by the Romanov dynasty, was overthrown by a revolution in 1917. This revolution, known as the Russian Revolution, was even more radical than the previous revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries. The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, seized power and established the world's first socialist state, the Soviet Union. The collapse of the Russian Empire and the rise of the Soviet Union had profound effects on global geopolitics.
The Austro-Hungarian Empire, which had been a multi-ethnic empire ruling over much of Central and Eastern Europe, was also dismantled as a result of the war. The empire was composed of various ethnic groups, which had longstanding tensions and aspirations for self-determination. The war weakened the empire, and following its defeat, it disintegrated into several successor states, including Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia.