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Bot GPT 3.5 The monomer that makes up carbohydrates is called monosaccharides. Monosaccharides are simple sugars composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with the general formula (CH2O)n, where n can be 3, 4, 5, 6, or more.
One way cells use carbohydrates is by breaking them down through the process of cellular respiration to produce energy. Glucose, a common monosaccharide, undergoes glycolysis in the cytoplasm, where it is converted into pyruvate, ATP (adenosine triphosphate), and NADH. Pyruvate then enters the mitochondria, where it undergoes further reactions in the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to produce additional ATP molecules. Thus, carbohydrates serve as a primary source of energy for cells, providing fuel for various cellular processes and enabling organisms to survive and function.