Direct rule is characterized by the direct control and administration of a colony by a foreign power. This involves the establishment of a centralized government, with officials and administrators appointed by the foreign power. The foreign power exercises direct authority over the colony's institutions, policies, and laws. Additionally, direct rule often involves the imposition of the foreign power's language, culture, and customs on the colony.
On the other hand, indirect rule involves the delegation of administrative and governing authority to local rulers or elites. The foreign power retains control but allows local rulers to maintain some level of power and influence over internal affairs. Indirect rule may include the use of local customary laws and maintaining traditional institutions. The aim of indirect rule is usually to co-opt local elites and maintain stability and control over the colony while minimizing direct intervention.
In summary, the key differences between direct and indirect imperial rule lie in the degree of control exerted by the foreign power and the level of local involvement in governance. Direct rule involves direct control by the foreign power, while indirect rule involves the delegation of authority to local rulers.