The term "Cold War" refers to a period of political tension and rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR), lasting roughly from the end of World War II in 1945 until the early 1990s. It was called a "cold" war because it involved no direct military conflict between the two superpowers, but rather a state of ideological, economic, and political competition rooted in their differing systems of government – capitalism in the United States and communism in the Soviet Union. The Cold War was marked by extensive espionage, proxy conflicts, arms races, and a constant fear of nuclear war, as both sides sought to gain influence and control over other nations.
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