The factors that directly affect the magnetic force produced by an electromagnet are:
1. Current flowing through the coil: Increasing the current increases the magnetic field strength and hence the magnetic force produced by the electromagnet.
2. Number of turns in the coil: Increasing the number of turns in the coil increases the magnetic field strength and hence the magnetic force produced by the electromagnet.
3. Permeability of the core material: The core material used in the electromagnet affects its magnetic properties. Using a highly permeable material, like iron, increases the magnetic field strength and hence the magnetic force produced by the electromagnet.
4. Length of the coil: Increasing the length of the coil increases the magnetic field strength and hence the magnetic force produced by the electromagnet.
5. Cross-sectional area of the coil: Increasing the cross-sectional area of the coil increases the magnetic field strength and hence the magnetic force produced by the electromagnet.
6. Presence of a magnetic field: If there is an external magnetic field present, it can either strengthen or weaken the magnetic force produced by the electromagnet, depending on its polarity and strength.