19. (a) 1.758820 × 1011 Ckg-1
20. (a) R.A Millikan
21. (a) Group 3 to 12
22. (d) Chalcogens
23. (b) increases
24. (a) decreases
25. (b) increases
26. (c) lonization energy
27. (c) electronegativity
28. (c) 0.
29. (a) ionic compounds and molecules
30. (c) atomic mass