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According to Article II, Section 1, Subsection 2 of the United States Constitution, each state is allotted a number of electors equal to the total number of Senators and Representatives it has in Congress. This means that each state receives electors based on its representation in the House of Representatives, which is determined by its population, and its two Senators.
For example, a state with 2 Senators and 5 Representatives would have a total of 7 electors. The number of Representatives per state is determined by the decennial census, which takes place every ten years. Based on the population changes found in the census, the number of Representatives assigned to each state may change.
It is important to note that the Constitution specifies that no Senator, Representative, or any person holding an office or trust under the United States government can be appointed as an elector.