The correct answer is 1. There was a greater focus on education and learning centers.
Mansa Musa's Hajj, a pilgrimage to Mecca he undertook in the 14th century, had a significant impact on Mali. Upon his return, Musa brought back scholars and architects, which led to the establishment and expansion of educational institutions and learning centers in Mali, such as the University of Sankore in Timbuktu. These centers became important hubs of knowledge and attracted scholars from around Africa and the Islamic world, contributing to the intellectual and cultural flourishing of Mali.