The functions y = |x| and y = |x| - 5 are related in that they are both absolute value functions. However, they differ in terms of their vertical shifting.
The function y = |x| represents a V-shaped graph that starts at the origin (0,0) and opens upwards. It consists of the positive and negative values of x, resulting in a symmetrical graph.
On the other hand, the function y = |x| - 5 is a similar V-shaped graph but has been shifted downward by 5 units. This means that all the corresponding y-values for each x-value in the graph of y = |x| will be decreased by 5 units.