1. The stated problem of Dale's type 2 diabetes affects several organs and systems in his body. Specifically, it affects the pancreas, which is responsible for producing insulin. In type 2 diabetes, the body either does not produce enough insulin or is unable to effectively use the insulin it produces. This results in elevated levels of glucose in the blood, which can lead to damage in various organs.
One of the major organs affected by type 2 diabetes is the cardiovascular system. High levels of glucose in the blood can damage the blood vessels, leading to atherosclerosis (buildup of plaque in the arteries) and increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke. This could explain Dale's complaints of pain in his arms and legs, as well as the swelling and inflammation he notices on some days.
Additionally, the kidneys can be affected by type 2 diabetes. The condition can damage the blood vessels in the kidneys, impairing their ability to filter waste products from the blood. This can eventually lead to kidney disease or even kidney failure. Dale's constant tiredness could be a result of decreased kidney function.
Furthermore, uncontrolled diabetes can also impact the immune system. High blood sugar levels can weaken the immune response, making individuals more susceptible to infections. Dale's recurrent low-grade fever may be a result of his weakened immune system, making it difficult for his body to fight off infections.
2. Questions to assess the understanding of the audience regarding the relationship between structure and function related to the case:
1. What is the role of the pancreas in maintaining glucose levels in the body?
2. How does type 2 diabetes affect the cardiovascular system?
3. What are the potential consequences of damage to the blood vessels in the kidneys?
4. How does uncontrolled diabetes impact the immune system's ability to fight infections?
5. Why might Dale's tiredness be linked to his diabetes and kidney function?