Stare decisis: This means standing by decided cases, upholding precedents, and maintaining former adjudications.
Adjudication: This refers to the process of the judicial resolution of disputes.
Napoleonic code: This means that all laws are codified and applied by judges to individual cases based on what each judge assesses as the legislative intent, not on pre-existing precedent from higher courts.
Federalism: This refers to a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and individual states or regions.