The ability to scratch another mineral is known as the hardness of a mineral. It is a measure of a mineral's resistance to being scratched or abraded.
The Mohs scale of mineral hardness is commonly used to determine the hardness of minerals. The scale ranges from 1 to 10, with 1 being the softest (talc) and 10 being the hardest (diamond).
To determine the ability of a mineral to scratch another mineral, you can perform a simple scratch test. Take the mineral you want to test and try scratching it against the mineral of known hardness. If the mineral being tested leaves a scratch on the mineral with a lower hardness, then it is harder than that mineral. However, if the mineral being tested gets scratched by the mineral with a higher hardness, then it is softer than that mineral.
It is important to note that this test is relative and depends on the availability of minerals of known hardness to compare against the mineral being tested.