Question 1: To determine the process that will most likely be stopped as a result of destroying the cell's mitochondria, we need to understand the function of mitochondria in the cell. The mitochondria are responsible for aerobic respiration, which is the process by which cells generate energy from glucose and oxygen. Therefore, the most likely process to be stopped would be c) aerobic respiration.
Question 2: The scientist observed a reduction in the number of ATP molecules produced during a chemical reaction in muscle cells. From this observation, the scientist would most likely hypothesize that a) oxygen availability became limited. This is because aerobic respiration, which produces ATP, requires oxygen as a reactant.
Question 3: Energy is released from ATP when a) a phosphate group is removed from ATP. This is because ATP is a molecule that stores energy in the phosphate bonds. When one phosphate group is removed, energy is released.
Question 4: The best description of ATP is a) It is the primary source of energy for cellular processes. ATP is often referred to as the "energy currency" of the cell because it stores and provides energy for various cellular processes.
Question 5: To determine which graph best shows chloroplasts' role in photosynthesis based on light intensity, we need to understand that chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose). Based on this, the graph that would best show chloroplasts' role in photosynthesis would be d) D.)c4f7ce1a-c665-4bdc-af2c-5c9353070924.
Question 6: The amount of energy needed for a reaction to occur is called d) activation energy. Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to take place.
Question 7: The scientist can answer the question "Does increased activity lead to a higher volume of carbon dioxide produced?" based on the experiment. By comparing the volume of gases produced during running, walking, and rest, the scientist can determine if increased activity leads to a higher volume of carbon dioxide produced. Therefore, the answer is c) Does increased activity lead to a higher volume of carbon dioxide produced?
Question 8: The yeast fermentation experiment answers the question "Do yeast use sugar for energy and produce a gas?" By observing the flow of matter and energy during fermentation, the experiment can determine if yeast uses sugar for energy (glycolysis) and produces a gas (carbon dioxide). Therefore, the answer is d) Do yeast use sugar for energy and produce a gas?
Question 9: The products of aerobic cellular respiration are c) water, carbon dioxide, and ATP. During aerobic respiration, glucose and oxygen are used as reactants, and the products are carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.
Question 10: To determine the total net gain of ATP molecules per glucose molecule, we need to refer to the table provided. Based on the table, the total net gain of ATP molecules per glucose molecule is c) 36.
Question 11: To determine what goes in the cell labeled #3 in the chart, we need to understand the reactants and products of respiration. Respiration occurs in the mitochondria and involves the breakdown of glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. Therefore, the term that goes in the cell labeled #3 is c) oxygen and glucose.
Question 12: To infer something about photosynthesis based on the chart and graphic, we need to understand the relationship between light intensity and the production of carbon dioxide and oxygen. Since photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose), the closer the light source, the higher the amount of oxygen gas produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis. Therefore, the correct answer is d) The closer the light source, the higher the amount of oxygen gas produced.
Question 13: When muscle cells are unable to obtain oxygen quickly enough during vigorous exercise, they resort to anaerobic respiration, which produces lactic acid as a byproduct. Therefore, the muscle cells start anaerobic respiration, resulting in lactic acid buildup. The correct answer is b) start anaerobic respiration, producing lactic acid buildup.
Question 14: The molecule that is a major source of energy for cellular processes in both plants and animals is c) glucose. Glucose is synthesized by plants and other photoautotrophs during photosynthesis and serves as a primary energy source for cellular processes.
Question 15: The high-energy molecule that is one of the end products of the digestion (breakdown) of carbohydrates is d) ATP. Carbohydrates are broken down into smaller molecules such as glucose, which is further metabolized to produce ATP.
Question 16: The main energy source needed to perform the process shown in the diagram is b) ATP. ATP is the primary energy currency in cells and provides the energy necessary for cellular processes.
Question 17: The high-energy molecule that is the main end product and goal of cellular respiration is b) ATP. Cellular respiration involves the breakdown of glucose and other organic molecules to produce ATP.
Question 18: The process that takes place in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell is c) glycolysis. Glycolysis is the first step of cellular respiration and occurs in the cytoplasm of cells.
Question 19: To develop an explanation of the role cellular respiration and photosynthesis play in the cycling of matter, the student would find it most helpful to answer the question a) Which products of cellular respiration are also used as inputs during photosynthesis? This question would help the student understand the interconnectedness of these two processes and the cycling of matter between them.
Question 20: The process that takes place in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell is a) glycolysis. Glycolysis, the first step of cellular respiration, occurs in the cytoplasm of cells.
Question 21: Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down a) food molecules - glucose. Glucose is a common food molecule that is broken down during cellular respiration to release energy in the form of ATP.
Question 22: The correct response regarding the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is b) the products of cellular respiration are the reactants of photosynthesis. The products of cellular respiration (carbon dioxide and water) are used as reactants in photosynthesis to produce glucose and oxygen.
Question 23: The evidence in the graphs supports the statement that a) The enzyme works best in a pH range of 6 to 8 and at a temperature of approximately 37°C. This can be inferred from the optimal enzyme activity observed at pH 7 and a temperature of approximately 37°C in the graphs.
Question 24: The amount of energy needed for a reaction to occur is called a) activation energy.
Question 25: The valid conclusion about the potato experiment is b) The lower the concentration of sugar, the more likely the potato will gain mass. This can be inferred from the positive percent change in mass observed at lower concentrations of sugar.
Question 26: The diffusion of WATER across a selectively permeable membrane is called c) osmosis. Osmosis refers to the movement of water molecules from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.
Question 27: The correct summary of the lytic cycle is b) A virus injects its genetic material into the host cell, copies itself using the host's structures and resources, and then forms new viruses that burst out of the host cell.
Question 28: All viruses contain DNA or RNA and a protein coat. The correct answer is c) DNA or RNA and a protein coat.
Question 29: The most accurate