Imagine a family of farmers in the Neolithic Age. They are a multi-generational family living together on a large farm. They have bees, chickens, and other animals and crops that keep them fed. They have several shelters that are sturdy. Last year, however, floods came and took many of their large animals and rained out their crops. Some of the family died from starvation. They are replanting this year.
What cost and benefit of farming is shown in this situation?
(1 point)
Responses
Farming leaves people vulnerable to attack, but needs less land than hunting and gathering.
Farming leaves people vulnerable to attack, but needs less land than hunting and gathering.
Successful harvest not guaranteed due to weather, but more people can cooperate to build better shelters.
Successful harvest not guaranteed due to weather, but more people can cooperate to build better shelters.
Herding animals and planting crops takes a lot of energy, but farming gave new sources of material for clothing.
Herding animals and planting crops takes a lot of energy, but farming gave new sources of material for clothing.
Nomads might come to steal food or animals, but food surpluses lead to specialization of workers.
Nomads might come to steal food or animals, but food surpluses lead to specialization of workers.
What major change did people make during the Neolithic Agricultural Revolution?
(1 point)
Responses
They began hunting.
They began hunting.
They began trading.
They began trading.
They began gathering.
They began gathering.
They began farming.
They began farming.
Question
Who made up the largest social class of early civilizations?
(1 point)
Responses
enslaved people
enslaved people
farmers and skilled workers
farmers and skilled workers
priests and rulers
priests and rulers
merchants and traders
farmers and skilled workers
Read each description that refers to Neanderthals, Homo sapiens, or both. Drag each description to the correct box.
(2 points)
Put responses in the correct input to answer the question. Select a response, navigate to the desired input and insert the response. Responses can be selected and inserted using the space bar, enter key, left mouse button or touchpad. Responses can also be moved by dragging with a mouse.
Homo sapiens
Neanderthals
Both Homo sapiens and Neanderthals
made tools
developed complex language
used fire
hunted animals
made tools - Both Homo sapiens and Neanderthals
developed complex language - Homo sapiens
used fire - Both Homo sapiens and Neanderthals
hunted animals - Both Homo sapiens and Neanderthals
Rearrange the sentences below. Place the earliest development at the top and the latest development at the bottom.
(1 point)
Arrange responses in the correct order to answer the question. Select a response, navigate to the desired position and insert response at that position. Responses can be selected and inserted using the space bar, enter key, left mouse button or touchpad. Responses can be moved using the up and down arrow keys or by dragging with a mouse.
Sedentary agriculture develops.
People hunt and gather food.
Farming villages grow.
Cities develop.
People hunt and gather food.
Sedentary agriculture develops.
Farming villages grow.
Cities develop.
Why did the earliest civilizations appear in areas like Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley?
(1 point)
Responses
because these areas had the most domesticated animals
because these areas had the most domesticated animals
because these areas were isolated from other regions
because these areas were isolated from other regions
because these areas were far away from oceans
because these areas were far away from oceans
because these areas were near rivers and fertile soil
because these areas were near rivers and fertile soil
Use the drop-down menu to complete the sentence.(1 point)
When archaeologists study an excavation site, objects found closer to the surface are
When archaeologists study an excavation site, objects found closer to the surface are more recent.
How might the use of fire have affected human migration?
(1 point)
Responses
People could live in places that otherwise would have been too cold.
People could live in places that otherwise would have been too cold.
People could cook food and scare off dangerous animals.
People could cook food and scare off dangerous animals.
People could settle in one place where it was easy to keep a fire burning.
People could settle in one place where it was easy to keep a fire burning.
People could be less dependent on daylight and travel at night.
People could live in places that otherwise would have been too cold.
Look at the table.
Migrations of Homo sapiens
200,000 years ago appear in Africa
40,000 years ago arrive in Europe
20,000–60,000 years ago ?
15,000 years ago ?
Beginning with the earlier development, which events will replace the question marks in the table?
(1 point)
Responses
arrive in Asia; arrive in Australia and Pacific islands
arrive in Asia; arrive in Australia and Pacific islands
arrive in Asia; arrive in the Americas
arrive in Asia; arrive in the Americas
arrive in Australia and Pacific islands; arrive in the Americas
arrive in Australia and Pacific islands; arrive in the Americas
arrive in Australia and Pacific islands; arrive in Asia
arrive in Asia; arrive in Australia and Pacific islands
Why are archaeologists interested in the cave paintings found near Lascaux in southern France?
(1 point)
Responses
The paintings are the first evidence of early humans ever found in France.
The paintings are the first evidence of early humans ever found in France.
The caves did not exist during the last ice age.
The caves did not exist during the last ice age.
The paintings provide evidence that humans had become more complex.
The paintings provide evidence that humans had become more complex.
The cave paintings are worth a great deal of money.
The paintings provide evidence that humans had become more complex.
Why is job specialization an important feature of civilization?
(1 point)
Responses
Job specialization creates social classes.
Job specialization creates social classes.
Job specialization allows for a variety of goods and services to be produced.
Job specialization allows for a variety of goods and services to be produced.
Job specialization allows the government to focus on the most urgent things first.
Job specialization allows the government to focus on the most urgent things first.
Job specialization means that more people can practice religion.
Job specialization allows for a variety of goods and services to be produced.
Drag and drop the events to arrange them to show how the development of agriculture led to a change in clothing. Put the first event at the top.
(1 point)
Arrange responses in the correct order to answer the question. Select a response, navigate to the desired position and insert response at that position. Responses can be selected and inserted using the space bar, enter key, left mouse button or touchpad. Responses can be moved using the up and down arrow keys or by dragging with a mouse.
Flax and cotton fibers make lighter materials to wear.
Humans begin farming plants for food.
People learn to weave fibers from flax and cotton.
Farmers domesticate cotton and flax.
Humans begin farming plants for food.
Farmers domesticate cotton and flax.
People learn to weave fibers from flax and cotton.
Flax and cotton fibers make lighter materials to wear.
Writing was first developed in civilization as a way to keep what important records?
(1 point)
Responses
the names of gods and goddesses
the names of gods and goddesses
the number of people born
the number of people born
the amount of grain harvested
the amount of grain harvested
the lists of social classes
the amount of grain harvested
There are eight features that civilizations all have in common. Pretend there is a public works project to be done, such as a road to be built or wall to protect the city. How might four other features of civilization be involved in this public works project?(4 points)
Four other features of civilization that could be involved in a public works project like building a road or a protective wall are:
1. Government: The government would play a crucial role in initiating and organizing the project. They would allocate resources, coordinate labor, and oversee the construction process.
2. Job Specialization: Different individuals with specialized skills would be employed for various tasks related to the project. This could include engineers, architects, construction workers, and craftsmen who would contribute their expertise towards the successful completion of the project.
3. Social Classes: The project would require labor from different social classes. While the lower classes might provide the bulk of the physical labor, individuals from the higher classes could contribute by providing financing or making decisions regarding the project.
4. Technology and Tools: The use of advanced tools, machinery, and technology would enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the project. For example, modern construction equipment or advanced surveying techniques could be employed to streamline the construction process and ensure accurate measurements.
Overall, the government, job specialization, social classes, and technology all play essential roles in planning, executing, and completing a public works project within a civilization.
Describe three ways in which Stone Age humans adapted to their environment during the last ice age.
During the last Ice Age, Stone Age humans faced extreme environmental conditions and had to adapt in multiple ways to survive. Here are three ways in which they adapted to their environment:
1. Clothing and Shelter: Stone Age humans adapted to the cold climate by creating clothing and shelters that provided insulation and protection. They used animal skins and fur to make warm clothing that helped them retain body heat. Additionally, they constructed sturdy shelters such as caves, rock overhangs, or even simple huts made from branches and animal hides to shield themselves from the harsh elements.
2. Hunting Strategies: With the changing environment, Stone Age humans had to adapt their hunting strategies. They targeted large mammals that were well-suited to survive in cold climates, such as mammoths, reindeer, and bison. They developed specialized tools like the spear-thrower and developed hunting techniques that involved cooperation and coordination within their groups to efficiently take down these larger prey.
3. Resource Utilization: Stone Age humans adapted by maximizing the utilization of available resources. They observed and learned about their environment, identifying edible plants, roots, and tubers to supplement their diet. They also utilized bone, antler, and ivory from hunted animals to create tools, weapons, and various implements for survival. Additionally, they likely developed techniques for preserving and storing food for extended periods to sustain themselves during times of scarcity.
These adaptive strategies enabled Stone Age humans to successfully navigate and survive the challenges posed by the demanding conditions of the last Ice Age.
How did the domestication of animals contribute to the development of permanent settlements?
The domestication of animals played a significant role in the development of permanent settlements for several reasons:
1. Stable Food Supply: Domesticating animals provided a reliable and consistent source of food for human populations. Animals such as sheep, goats, and cattle were raised for their meat, milk, and other byproducts. This ensured a steady supply of food, reducing the need for constant migration in search of new sources of sustenance. With a stable food supply, people had the ability to settle in one place and establish permanent settlements.
2. Agricultural Assistance: Domesticated animals aided in agricultural practices and contributed to the development of farming. For example, plowing fields with the help of oxen made it easier to cultivate crops. Animals could also be used for transportation, hauling heavy loads, and providing labor, making agricultural activities more efficient and productive. This increased agricultural output allowed for surplus food production, enabling larger populations to be supported.
3. Trade and Specialization: The domestication of animals created opportunities for trade and specialization within settlements. Surplus goods, including agricultural produce and animal products, could be exchanged with neighboring communities. This led to the development of specialized roles and occupations beyond simple subsistence farming. Some individuals could dedicate their time and skills to other crafts like pottery, textile production, metalworking, or trading. Specialization enhanced the complexity of settlements and fostered the growth of interconnected communities.
4. Social Stability: The presence of domesticated animals provided a sense of stability and permanence to settlements. People could establish permanent structures and infrastructure, knowing that their animals would remain close by for protection, resources, and labor. This stability allowed for the development of social institutions, governance systems, and cultural practices that were sustained over long periods.
In summary, the domestication of animals created a stable food supply, facilitated agricultural practices, enabled trade and specialization, and contributed to social stability. These factors were crucial in the transition from a nomadic lifestyle to settled communities, ultimately leading to the development of permanent settlements and the emergence of early civilizations.