Consider the following scenario:
In an aquatic bird population, some birds have long legs. Other birds have short legs. The food supply is minimal. The birds with long legs are able to wade farther into the water where they can find fish. Over time, the birds with long legs become more common.
What scientific term best describes this scenario?
(1 point)
Responses
mutation
mutation
selective pressures
selective pressures
natural selection
natural selection
fitness
fitness
The scientific term that best describes this scenario is natural selection.
Which statement is accurate about variations?
a
In all cases, variations become more common in a population.
b
Organisms with variations are less likely to pass these variations to their offspring.
c
Organisms with variations that give an advantage are more likely to survive.
d
In all cases, variations affect how likely it is that an organism reproduces.
The accurate statement about variations is that organisms with variations that give an advantage are more likely to survive. (Option C is correct)
In an ecosystem, there are two color varieties within a species of toads: brown and green. Over 50 years, the proportion of the population that is green increases from 20% to 50%. Which statement is the most likely to explain this change?
a
A disease caused a decrease in the proportion of brown toads.
b
The environment changed such that green toads can blend into their surroundings better.
c
Pollution caused a decrease in the proportion of brown toads.
d
The environment changed such that toads that can jump higher into the trees to survive better.
The most likely statement to explain this change is that the environment changed such that green toads can blend into their surroundings better. (Option B is correct)
Facts or data are types of
a
evidence.
b
reasoning.
c
models
d
explanations.
Facts or data are types of evidence. (Option A is correct)
Why are the gene pools of small populations reduced compared to those of larger populations?
a
inbreeding
b
lack of advantageous traits
c
lack of suitable mates
d
bottleneck events
Small populations have reduced gene pools because of bottleneck events. (Option D is correct)
In an ecosystem where most flowers are long and bell-shaped, there are two varieties of hummingbird: birds with short beaks and birds with long beaks. What is the most likely hummingbird population composition?
a
only long-beaked hummingbirds
b
more short-beaked hummingbirds
c
more long-beaked hummingbirds
d
only short-beaked hummingbirds
The most likely hummingbird population composition would have more long-beaked hummingbirds. (Option C is correct)
Over time, the variation that gives an advantage
a
can limit the number of individual organisms.
b
becomes less common in the population.
c
can limit the number of selective pressures.
d
becomes more common in the population
Over time, the variation that gives an advantage becomes more common in the population. (Option D is correct)
Which term means making sense of information?
a
evidence
b
reasoning
c
investigation
d
explanation
The term that means making sense of information is reasoning. (Option B is correct)
What is the name given to an observable characteristic of an organism?
a
phenotype
b
mutation
c
genome
d
genotype
The name given to an observable characteristic of an organism is phenotype. (Option A is correct)
Consider the following scenario: In a muddy lake environment, some fish have brown scales. Most fish, however, have silver scales. Predators have a harder time seeing fish with brown scales. Which term best describes the brown scales?
a
new mutation
b
predominant phenotype
c
inactivated gene
d
advantageous trait
The term that best describes the brown scales is advantageous trait. (Option D is correct)
How did the Industrial Revolution impact the population of peppered moths in Britain?
a
The light-colored moths became more common.
b
The Industrial Revolution caused the proportions of each color morph in the population to become unequal
c
The dark-colored moths became more common.
d
The Industrial Revolution caused the proportions of each color morph in the population to become equal.
The Industrial Revolution impacted the population of peppered moths in Britain by causing the dark-colored moths to become more common. (Option C is correct)
Which explanation is accurate about the survival and reproduction of a population?
a
If there are a limited variety of traits in a population, most traits will be a good fit with the environment.
b
If there are a limited variety of traits in a population, it is more likely that some individuals will be able to survive and reproduce.
c
If there are a wide variety of traits in a population, most traits will be a good fit with the environment.
d
If there are a wide variety of traits in a population, it is more likely that some individuals will be able to survive and reproduce.
The accurate explanation about the survival and reproduction of a population is that if there are a wide variety of traits in a population, it is more likely that some individuals will be able to survive and reproduce. (Option D is correct)
Consider the following scenario: You notice that no two cats at the pet store are exactly alike. Some have spotted fur. Some have striped fur. Some have fur of one solid color. What term is used to describe your observation?
a
variation
b
fitness
c
natural selection
d
selective pressure
The term that is used to describe this observation is variation. (Option A is correct)
Consider the following scenario: A drought hits the habitat of a semi-aquatic bird population. All ponds dry up, and fish populations decline. There are two groups of birds in the population that differ in leg length and diet. Long-legged birds eat fish, while short-legged birds eat insects. Drought has little effect on insect populations.
What is the main selective pressure in this scenario?
a
drought
b
insect population
c
leg length
d
fish population
The main selective pressure in this scenario is the fish population. (Option D is correct)
Which variety of mouse is more likely to survive in a dry desert?
a
a mouse that needs more water
b
a mouse that needs less water
c
a mouse that has a shorter tail
d
a mouse that has a longer tail
In a dry desert, a mouse that needs less water is more likely to survive. (Option B is correct)
What statement accurately describes the relationship between variations and fitness?
a
Variations always increase fitness.
b
Variations can lead to either an increase or decrease in fitness.
c
Fitness always increases variations
d
Fitness can lead to either an increase or decrease in variations.
The statement that accurately describes the relationship between variations and fitness is that variations can lead to either an increase or decrease in fitness. (Option B is correct)
Consider the following scenario: You are a scientist observing rodents on the Galapagos Islands. You notice that the introduction of a new bird of prey has limited the number of rodents. What term best describes the factor that is limiting the number of rodents the environment can support?
a
fitness
b
food supply
c
variation
d
selective pressure
The term that best describes the factor that is limiting the number of rodents the environment can support is selective pressure. (Option D is correct)
Henri conducts an experiment to determine who likes peanut butter more: boys or girls. He has 25 girls and 25 boys taste some peanut butter and then rate it on a scale of 1 - 10 with 1 being cannot stand and 10 being tastes delicious.
He finds that the girls had a mean of 7 with a range of 9 and the boys had a mean of 8 with a range of 5. Which statement is true?
Responses
A On average, girls like peanut butter more than boys.On average, girls like peanut butter more than boys.
B The person who rated peanut butter the worst was a boy.The person who rated peanut butter the worst was a boy.
C Girls varied more than boys in how they liked peanut butter. Girls varied more than boys in how they liked peanut butter.
D Half of the boys rated peanut butter a 9 or 10.
The statement that is true is that, on average, boys like peanut butter more than girls. (Option A is incorrect)
Option B cannot be determined through the given data, because the range and mean do not provide information about the rating by the worst person.
Option C is incorrect, as the range of boys is less than that of girls.
Option D is incorrect, because range cannot provide any inference on how many boys rated peanut butter 9 or 10.
Hence, none of the given options are true.
Mrs. Myles gave the same test to both her first and third period class. In first period, the median was 75 and the range was 30. In third period, the median was 80 and the range was 60. Which is a true statement? [Assume that scores can reach a maximum of 100.]
Responses
A The highest score was in first period.The highest score was in first period.
B The lowest score was in third period.The lowest score was in third period.
C On average, first period did better than third period.On average, first period did better than third period.
D There is not enough information to know if any of these is true.
From the given information, it is not possible to determine whether the highest score was in first period or the lowest score was in the third period.
Option C is incorrect as there is no information given on the mean score of both the periods.
Hence, the correct option is D, which says that there is not enough information to know if any of these is true.
At your high school, you randomly surveyed male students to find that they play video games a certain amount of hours per week. What is the estimated population mean based on your sample?
Responses
A 2.5 hours2.5 hours
B 3 hours3 hours
C 7 hours7 hours
D 6 hours6 hours
E 5 hours
The answer cannot be determined without additional information such as the size of the sample, the mean and standard deviation of the sample, etc.
Therefore, the correct answer is that the estimated population mean cannot be determined with the given information.
STUDENT HOURS
Jack 4.5
Mike 6.25
Adam 3
Jim 2.5
Marty 7
Ben 6.75
At your high school, you randomly surveyed male students to find that they play video games a certain amount of hours per week. What is the estimated population mean based on your sample?
Responses
A 2.5 hours2.5 hours
B 3 hours3 hours
C 7 hours7 hours
D 6 hours6 hours
E 5 hours
To find the estimated population mean, we need to calculate the mean of the given sample.
$\text{Mean} = \dfrac{\text{Sum of all values}}{\text{Number of values}} = \dfrac{4.5+6.25+3+2.5+7+6.75}{6} = \dfrac{30}{6} = 5$
Hence, the estimated population mean based on the sample is 5 hours.
Therefore, option E (5 hours) is the correct answer.
Deidre does not think exercise makes a difference in weight loss when trying to lose weight. She gets two random samples of the amount of weight lost between those with exercise and those without. The top graph shows the amount of weight lost for those with exercise and the bottom graph shows the amount of weight lost for those without exercise.
Which statement correctly compares the distributions?
Responses
A 50% of the people who exercised lost more weight than 50% of the people who did not exercise.50% of the people who exercised lost more weight than 50% of the people who did not exercise.
B Those who exercised had more consistent weight loss than those who did not exercise.Those who exercised had more consistent weight loss than those who did not exercise.
C On average, those who exercised lost about 4 more pounds than those who did not exercise.On average, those who exercised lost about 4 more pounds than those who did not exercise.
D Those who did not exercise lost 2 fewer pounds than those who did exercise.Those who did not exercise lost 2 fewer pounds than those who did exercise.
E Those who did not exercise lost 5 more pounds than those who did exercise
From the given graphs, we can observe the following:
- For the exercise group, the median is approximately 6, the first quartile is approximately 4 and the third quartile is approximately 9.
- For the non-exercise group, the median is approximately 4, the first quartile is approximately 2 and the third quartile is approximately 8.
Option A is incorrect, as we cannot determine the relative positions of the two medians based on the graphs.
Option B is incorrect, as we cannot compare the consistency of weight loss based on the given graphs.
Option C is incorrect, as we cannot determine the average value of weight loss for each group based on the graphs.
Option D is incorrect, as there is no evidence to suggest that one group lost 2 fewer pounds than the other.
Option E is also incorrect, as the graphs do not show that those who did not exercise lost 5 more pounds than those who did exercise.
Therefore, none of the given options correctly compares the distributions.
Which is a qualitative variable?
Responses
A distance between citiesdistance between cities
B type of precipitationtype of precipitation
C temperature of souptemperature of soup
D hourly pay rate
The qualitative variable is type of precipitation. (Option B is correct)
Walt Whitman was one of the first Americans to write poems that imitated normal speech without adhering to a regular meter or rhyme scheme. This verse form is called ____ ____.
Responses
A free versefree verse
B slow verseslow verse
C blank verseblank verse
D ironic rhyme