9. ______: having 2 different alleles for a trait
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The term you're looking for is "heterozygous."
The term you are looking for is "heterozygous." Heterozygous refers to an individual who has two different alleles for a specific trait.
To understand how to determine if an individual is heterozygous for a trait, you will need to know the principles of genetics. Specifically, you need to understand how traits are inherited through alleles.
An allele is a variant form of a gene that determines a specific trait. We inherit one allele from each parent, resulting in our genotype (combination of alleles) for that trait.
In genetics, there are two types of alleles for a trait: dominant and recessive. Dominant alleles are expressed when present, even if paired with a recessive allele. Recessive alleles are only expressed if paired with another recessive allele.
To determine if an individual is heterozygous for a trait, you would need to examine their genotype. If they have one dominant and one recessive allele for a trait, they are heterozygous.
For example, let's consider eye color as the trait. There are two alleles: "B" for brown eyes (dominant) and "b" for blue eyes (recessive).
If an individual inherits one "B" allele from one parent and one "b" allele from the other parent (Bb), they are heterozygous for eye color. In this case, their phenotype (observable trait) will be brown eyes because the "B" allele is dominant. However, they carry the recessive "b" allele and can potentially pass it on to their offspring.
To determine an individual's alleles for a trait, genetic testing, family history analysis, or Punnett squares can be used. Punnett squares are a visual tool that predicts the possible allele combinations in offspring based on the alleles of the parents.