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the Jim Crow laws
The Plessy v. Ferguson case was a landmark Supreme Court decision in 1896 that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal." The decision was a major setback for civil rights advocates, as it provided a legal basis for the Jim Crow laws that would remain in place for the next 60 years. Homer Plessy, a black man, was arrested for sitting in a whites-only railroad car and his case was appealed all the way to the Supreme Court.