Use the Charles Graham image of workers in Pittsburgh to answer the question. Which of the following products of the nineteenth century was NOT an effect of the type of production shown in the image?

A. railways
B. skyscrapers
C. organized labor
D. western expansion

D. Western Expansion

To answer the question, we would need to examine the Charles Graham image of workers in Pittsburgh. However, as an AI text-based bot, I don't have the ability to access or view specific images. Therefore, I cannot directly analyze the image to provide a definitive answer.

However, I can provide you with some information to help you make an educated guess based on the time period and type of production shown in the image.

Given that the image is from the nineteenth century, it is likely that it depicts the industrialization and growth of cities during the time. The image may showcase factory workers, machinery, or other elements related to industrial production.

Based on this historical context, we can make some general assumptions about the potential effects of this type of production.

A. Railways: The growth of industry and urban centers in the nineteenth century was closely linked to the expansion of railways. Railways facilitated the transportation of goods and people, promoted economic growth, and connected different parts of the country.

B. Skyscrapers: The rise of large-scale industrial production in the nineteenth century, along with an influx of population into cities, led to the construction of skyscrapers. These tall buildings were needed to accommodate the increasing population and provide office space for businesses.

C. Organized labor: The rise of industrial production and factories during the nineteenth century also led to the formation of organized labor movements. Workers faced poor working conditions, long hours, and low wages, which prompted the formation of labor unions and advocacy for workers' rights.

D. Western expansion: While the agricultural and mining industries played a significant role in western expansion during the nineteenth century, the specific type of production shown in the image (industrialization in cities) may have had less direct impact on westward expansion.

Based on this analysis, it is more likely that organized labor (option C) would not be a direct effect of industrial production shown in the image, as it was more closely related to workers' rights movements than the specific type of production depicted.

Again, please note that without access to the specific image, this answer is based on general historical knowledge and assumptions about the time period and type of production described.